حفاظت پیشگیرانه رویکردی برای حمایت از میراث فرهنگی است که بر اصل حداقل مداخله استوار است و ریشههای آن به دوران روم و یونان باستان باز میگردد. این نظریه ابتدا بر حفاظت از یادمانها و ابنیه تاریخی تمرکز داشت ولی بعدها به حفاظت از اشیاء و مجموعههای تاریخی و کاربرد در موزهها و علم باستانشناسی گرایش پیدا کرد و گسترش یافت. با توجه به جامعیت و کاربرد روزافزون این مبحث، آشنایی با روشها و اهداف حفاظت پیشگیرانه ضروری به نظر میرسد. هدف از این پژوهش، آشنایی با مفهوم مذکور، خاستگاه آن، تبیین ابعاد گوناگون مرتبط با میراث معماری و بیان تجربیات دیگر کشورها در این حوزه است. روش تحقیق، توصیفی و تحلیلی و در بستر مطالعات کتابخانهای است به این صورت كه اطلاعات موردنظر با مراجعه به منابع معتبر در اين زمينه گردآوری شدهاند. با علم به این موضوع که علاج واقعه را قبل از وقوع باید کرد، حفاظت پیشگیرانه میتواند بهعنوان راهکاری مناسب برای جلوگیری از آسیب میراث معماری با حفظ اصالت و تمامیت آنها و ایجاد هماهنگی با زمینه اطراف، مورد بهرهبرداری قرار گیرد.
Abstract: Preventive conservation is an approach which has been devised to support the cultural heritage and it is laid upon the foundations of principle of minimal intervention; moreover, it dates back to the ancient Romans and Greeks. The theory was firstly focused on the preservation of the historical buildings and monuments but later on, this theory was expanded to the conservation of the historical objects and collections and then it was broadened to embrace the museums and archeology. According to its increasing application and also based on its comprehensive and thorough nature, it seems necessary to get acquainted with the methodologies and objectives of the preventive conservation. The objective of the present study is to familiarize the reader with the aforementioned concept, its place of origin, and the different and relevant aspects in respect to the architectural heritage; furthermore, the current study presents the experiences gained by the other countries in this area. The study methodology is a descriptive-analytical one and the information provided here have been collected based on the related study backgrounds and through references to the library documents and data. Knowing that prevention is definitely better than treatment, preventive conservation can be adopted as an appropriate solution to the prevention of the architectural heritage damages and in the meantime its Authenticity and integrity can be preserved and also a harmony can be created with the peripheral context.
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