در پژوهش حاضر سعی شده است تا بهوسیله ی مطالعات آزمایشگاهی بستر و محیط دفن احتمالی پنج نمونه سفال خاکستری عصر آهن متعلق به موزهی ایران باستان مورد شناسایی قرار گیرد. به همین منظور با شناسایی و اندازهگیری میزان عناصر موجود در رسوبات و بدنه ی سفالی نمونهها با استفاده از دستگاه طیفسنج نشری پلاسمای جفت شدهی القایی (ICP-OES) سعی در شناخت بستر احتمالی آنها شد. همچنین برای شناسایی آنیونهای موجود در رسوبات سفالینه ها، از دستگاه کروماتوگرافی یونی (IC) استفاده گردید. نتایج نشان دادند که میزان عناصر موجود در نمونه MB-1 و MB-2 و نیز همبستگی معنی دار برخی از عناصر خاص بیشترین نزدیکی را به بستر قبرستان دارد. همچنین، بر اساس غلظت بالای کربنات کلسیم در تجزیهی شیمیایی رسوبات نمونه MB-3 میتوان آن را به بافت آشپزخانه و یا کف منطقه ی مسکونی نسبت داد. در مورد نمونههای MB-4 و MB-5 نیز که نتیجهی شناسایی عناصر حاکی از بستر همسان برای آنهاست وجود عناصری نظیر پتاسیم، منیزیم، آهن، تیتانیوم و همبستگی مثبت آن عناصر با یکدیگر و نیز همبستگی منفی پتاسیم و منیزیم با سیلیسیوم نشاندهندهی بافتهای مرتبط با آتش، چون اجاق و کوره است. نتایج مطالعات میکروسکوپی نوری پلاریزان (PM) نیز نشان داد که همبستگی و شباهت ساختاری نزدیکی بر مبنای نوع تمپر با سفالینه های خاکستری عصر آهن دارند که تمپر بهکار رفته در زمینهی رسی تمامی نمونه های مورد مطالعه معدنی بوده و بافتی نسبتاً یک دست و همگن دارند.
Abstract: Context of the archaeological findings is an important part of these artifacts and many useful information, regarding the provenance, application and dating of findings must be determined considering the characteristic of corresponding context. In some cases, the context of an historical objects is missing and hence, the accuracy of the information regarding the historical object is unsatisfactory. However, some types of laboratory experiments are able to provide the required information regarding the archaeological context of the object. In this study, it was tried to find the context of five gray Iron Age pottery pieces belong to the Museum of Ancient Iran. In order to identify and measure the elements in sediments and body of the samples, inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) technique was used. Also, to identify the anions present in sediments on the samples, ion chromatography (IC) technique was employed. The results showed that, the sample MB-1 and MB-2, on the basis of elements present, have the same context, where the specifications are very close to the cemetery. Also, based on the high concentrations of calcium carbonate deposits in the chemical composition of MB-3, this sample could be related to the kitchen or floor of a residential area. Regarding the samples termed MB-4 and MB-5, as the results of elemental analysis showed the presence of some elements such as potassium, magnesium, iron, and titanium and, a positive correlation of these elements with each other, as well as a negative correlation between potassium and magnesium with Si, the context ought to be associated with fire, such as oven and grill found in the kitchen. Results of polarized light microscopy (PM) also showed a close correlation and structural similarity based on the type of tempering with gray earthenware tempering, traditionally used during the Iron Age, which are clay minerals having relatively smooth and homogeneous texture in all the samples.
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